Science
Children of all ages have a natural desire to ask questions, investigate the world around them, and seek solutions to problems. The lower school science program aims to nurture these dispositions by creating an environment in which students have the opportunity to actively explore and understand the natural world. As a result, the curriculum maintains a focus on learning through an inquiry-based approach where students are encouraged to ask scientifically oriented questions, design and conduct investigations, use scientific tools to gather evidence, rely on data to formulate conclusions, and assimilate scientific concepts and knowledge through experiential learning. Such an approach allows students to develop sound scientific habits of mind and the ability to approach science in an analytical, problem-solving fashion that yields authentic learning. Through this approach, students engage in authentic problem solving as they develop sound scientific habits of mind and the ability to approach science in an analytical, problem-solving fashion that yields authentic learning.
They examine the world, their interconnectedness with it, and explore how to create a more sustainable future.
The idea of education for sustainability is at the core of the lower school science program. Through our ongoing work with the Cloud Institute for Sustainability Education, we have developed a curriculum that is guided by the following key natural laws and principles:
Everything is Connected: Everything is part of a system and a change to one part of the system has an effect on the other parts of the system. Students investigate this idea in relation to their impact on the system, and vice versa.
There is No Such Place as Away: Whether produced by nature or by humans, there is no such thing as waste. All matter, or "stuff", cycles. Students examine how one thing turns into another and how people can cycle "stuff" in efficient ways.
Everything Has Limits: All healthy systems have limits. When those thresholds are exceeded, the system deteriorates over time. Students study a variety of systems to analyze the effect of the limits on those systems and how to thrive within those limits.
Things are Always Changing: Nature exists in a constant state of change. However, the changes are not always obvious because they occur in infinitesimal amounts at any given moment. However, when aggregated, these changes amass to large scale changes over time. Students explore this idea and think about how to plan and adapt for changing conditions.
Place Matters: Solutions derive from place. Students think about how to define "place" and enable themselves to care for their own environments.
There is Strength in Diversity: Nature thrives on diversity as it is a necessary condition for the propagation of species. Students learn about what is meant by diversity within a system, how the diversity of a system changes, and how people can impact the diversity of a system.
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With our youngest scientists, the fours, there is a focus on approaching the science curriculum from an emergent perspective. The goal is to respond to the interests of the students and create a curriculum based in those interests. The observations and questions of the students guide the curriculum as we provide students with the opportunity to explore their questions, build on their ideas, construct new knowledge, and ask more questions about the topics in which they are interested. As a result, the content studied by the fours varies from year to year since, in any given year, they might be interested in studying anything from the leaf cycle, to plants and animals, to snow and ice.
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In Kindergarten, the science curriculum maintains its focus on using an emergent approach while creating opportunities for students to engage in learning experiences that span the various disciplines of science, physical science, life science, and earth science. Exposure to concepts across the different branches of science is essential to helping students develop sound scientific habits of mind and abilities. Therefore, during the course of the year, students will always work on at least one unit of study that is connected to each of the different disciplines.
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Beginning in First Grade, learning through an inquiry-based approach becomes an integral part of the lower school science curriculum. Investigations are guided by questions that help facilitate the process of students exploring and understanding the natural world through hands-on activities and experimentation. For example, in our “Plants, Animals, and Insects” unit, students investigate questions such as “What happens to the flowers of adult plants?” and “How do seeds get from place to place?” to construct ideas about concepts such as, pollination, seed dispersal, and the relationship between structure and function.
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In Second Grade, students continue to explore various life science, physical science, and earth science concepts through an inquiry-based approach, ultimately using the mindset cultivated through that approach to embark on their first long-term engineering design project at the end of the year. Students engage in a study of the properties of structures, specifically bridges, to examine concepts such as, the forces of tension and compression, distribution of force, and the strength and stability of shapes. Using their understanding of these concepts, students build their own model bridges and experience engineering design as an iterative process involving questioning, modeling, and modifying.
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The inquiry-based approach that is fundamental to the lower school science curriculum helps students develop scientific habits of mind and abilities such as, asking scientifically oriented questions, designing and conducting experiments, collecting and analyzing data, constructing explanations based on data, and communicating and discussing findings. Through the topics studied during the course of the year, third graders regularly develop and demonstrate their proficiency with these skills. For example, in our Chemistry unit, students conduct experiments to gather data that helps them prove and understand that substances can be identified by their characteristic properties as observed through chemical reactions. Whether studying Chemistry, Renewable Energy, or Simple Machines, students are routinely immersed in learning experiences that help them cultivate and nurture sound scientific habits of mind.
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Fourth graders conduct experiments working with density, mass and volume to have concrete experiences and to gain practice in gathering accurate data. A robotics unit allows students to work in collaborative groups to build a robot that performs simple programming tasks. This exciting and demanding project ends in a symposium of sharing and lays a foundation that supports the middle school robotics program. Fourth graders also study acids and bases in a series of interesting experiments as well as color reactions of liquids and the pH scale. Finally, to examine adaptations, anatomy and behavior, controlled experiments, and the relationship between the validity of experimental results and the amount of data collected, fourth graders study live tree frogs.